ABSTRACT
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a cognitive impairment syndrome that occurs after stroke.The pathogenesis is unknown.Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PSCI is associated with cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD).The imaging findings mainly include white matter hyperintensities,lacune,cortical or subcortical microinfarction,microbleeds,brain atrophy and enlarged perivascular space.This article reviews the correlation between PSCI and CSCD.
ABSTRACT
Mentalizing is the vital cognitive basis of understanding of action intention.However,there are few studies on the complex relationship of them.The present study,firstly,discusses the concepts and the brain mechanisms of empathy and understanding of action intention,indicating the temporal dynamic features of mentalizing as well as understanding of action intention.Secondly,based on Intention Processing Network,the process of mentalizing in understanding of action intention is in hierarchy and division.During which,ventral medial prefrontal lobe plays a vital role on integrating and transforming the cognitive and affective information.Empathy and mentalizing transform into each other through ventral medial prefrontal lobe.So empathy probably mediates the relationship of mentalizing and understanding of action intention.Empathy,mentalizing and understanding of action intention can be integrated under the framework of hybrid models.Future studies should examine the relationship between empathy and understanding of action intention by empirical researches.
ABSTRACT
Venous thromboembolism ( VTE) remains the third most common cardiovascular disease with a vague pathogenesis.Conventional biomarkers exhibit poor performance in the diagnosis, surveillance and prognosis of VTE.MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are a class of evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of gene expression and protein translation An array of experimental studies has shown the importance of miRNAs for disease initiation/progression.Circulating miRNAs are found in plasma, serum and other body fluids in an apparently stable form.Recent evidence revealed that circulating miRNAs, a novel family of regulatory molecules, emerge as a promising class of biomarkers in many cardiovascular diseases, malignancies as well as VTE.This review describes current understanding of miRNA biogenesis and the origins and types of circulating miRNAs and gives an outline of recent work on circulating miRNAs as well as its challenges and perspectives of the clinical utility of circulating miRNA in VTE.